Описание: Individuals are things that everybody knows--or thinks they do. Yet even scholars who practice or analyze the biological sciences often cannot agree on what an individual is and why. One reason for this disagreement is that the many important biological individuality concepts serve very different purposes--defining, classifying, or explaining living structure, function, interaction, persistence, or evolution. Indeed, as the contributors to Biological Individuality reveal, nature is too messy for simple definitions of this concept, organisms too quirky in the diverse ways they reproduce, function, and interact, and human ideas about individuality too fraught with philosophical and historical meaning.
Bringing together biologists, historians, and philosophers, this book provides a multifaceted exploration of biological individuality that identifies leading and less familiar perceptions of individuality both past and present, what they are good for, and in what contexts. Biological practice and theory recognize individuals at myriad levels of organization, from genes to organisms to symbiotic systems. We depend on these notions of individuality to address theoretical questions about multilevel natural selection and Darwinian fitness; to illuminate empirical questions about development, function, and ecology; to ground philosophical questions about the nature of organisms and causation; and to probe historical and cultural circumstances that resonate with parallel questions about the nature of society. Charting an interdisciplinary research agenda that broadens the frameworks in which biological individuality is discussed, this book makes clear that in the realm of the individual, there is not and should not be a direct path from biological paradigms based on model organisms through to philosophical generalization and historical reification.
Описание: A dramatic new way to explore controversial science: Socratic dialogues. These creative debates follow the nuances and complexities of stem cell research and emerging therapies for informed readers and newcomers alike.
Описание: Of Minds and Molecules is the first anthology of its kind devoted exclusively to work in the philosophy of chemistry. The essays, written by both chemists and philosophers, adopt distinctive philosophical perspectives on chemistry and collectively offer both a conceptualization of and a justification for the emerging field of philosophy of chemistry.
Описание: This book presents a comprehensive discussion on the characterization of vagueness in pictures. It reports on how the problem of representation of images has been approached in scientific practice, highlighting the role of mathematical methods and the philosophical background relevant for issues such as representation, categorization and reasoning. Without delving too much into the technical details, the book examines and defends different kinds of values of fuzziness based on a complex approach to categorization as a practice, adopting conceptual and empirical suggestions from different fields including the arts. It subsequently advances criticisms and provides suggestions for interpretation and application. By describing a cognitive framework based on fuzzy, rough and near sets, and discussing all of the relevant mathematical and philosophical theories for the representation and processing of vagueness in images, the book offers a practice-oriented guide to fuzzy visual reasoning, along with novel insights into the field of interpreting and thinking with fuzzy pictures and fuzzy data.
Описание: Represents the proceedings of the interdisciplinary stream of the international workshop (Part 1) Times of Entanglement, 21 - 22 September 2010 at the Minsheng Art Museum in Shanghai, People`s Republic of China.
Описание: Contains several contributions on the subject of worlds, cultures and society. This title represents the proceedings of several workshops and discussion panels organized by the Leo Apostel Center for Interdisciplinary studies within the framework of the Research on the Construction of Integrating Worldviews research community.
Автор: Wang Название: Information Systems And Modern Society ISBN: 1466629223 ISBN-13(EAN): 9781466629226 Издательство: Mare Nostrum (Eurospan) Рейтинг: Цена: 25502.00 р. Наличие на складе: Есть у поставщика Поставка под заказ.
Описание: The emergence of the digital age has transformed the way society communicates as well as disseminates information. <br><br><em>Information Systems and Modern Society: Social Change and Global Development</em> is a comprehensive collection of research on the emergence of information technology and its effect on society. By providing a forum for practitioners and researchers, this book aims to bring to light the advancements made throughout social changes and the application of information systems. This research provides recent techniques useful for policy makers, practitioners and students.
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